The stock market in the Republic of Croatia has been in operation since the year of 1991. In the first few years the interest into investments was poor. Therefore, the volume of stock trading was modest compared to the developed markets. In the past two years, however, the interest in investing has constantly been increasing. The Croatian stock market has thus acquired the characteristics of a growing market. This article presents the results of the scientific research of the authors Prof. Vinko Belak, ScD and Željana Aljinović Barać, MSEc conducted within the Project Models of Accounting Reports and Adjustment to the Demandsof the EU.
Autori: Prof. dr. sc. Vinko BELAK Mr. sc. Željana ALJINOVIĆ BARAĆ
A division of a joint stock company has recently become quite common in the Croatian business practice. Since the beginning of the young Croatian entrepreneurship some 15years ago numerous companies of different structures and partnerships within joint stock companies have looked for diverse forms of new or separate entrepreneurial activities, resulting in members withdrawing from a joint stock company. Besides, various business enterprises lead to the splitting (division) of a part of the company in a separate company (due to, e.g., sales of real estate, rental, restructuring, financing, sharing of assets after withdrawal of a company member, etc.). The article deals with relevant legal, tax and accounting approaches and procedures which may be of help upon solution of a business situation.
Autor: Dr. sc. Vlado BRKANIĆ, ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
Various business activities are carried out in the form of franchising. The article discusses the issue of what exactly a franchise is, its advantages and disadvantages, what and how to enter the accounting records of a franchiser and a franchisee. The article also deals with the tax position of the franchise within the VAT system including profit tax and income tax.
In attempt to make adjustments to the European regulations of environmental protection the Croatian legislationhas become more active. A few regulations on payment of compensations for waste disposal have recently been issued. The regulations, arousing the greatest attention, are those referring to the disposal of electric and electronic appliances and equipment (EE waste), i.e. payment of the corresponding compensations for their disposal. Equally interesting are the compensations for the emission of the carbon dioxide. This article analyses the basic regulations on obligations of some entrepreneurs to pay the above stated compensations including the description of book-keeping procedures and recording referring to these expenses.
Autori: Lidija TOŠIĆ Mr. sc. Šime GUZIĆ, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
In the past two years packaging has become interesting due to calculation of the returnable packaging fees,where by the accounting procedure of the packaging has unjustifiably been “neglected” in the technical literature. Under the slogan “Packaging sells the product packaging has become an important part of stocks to some entrepreneurs, thus being a significant element in the structure of the sales price. Other entrepreneurs have to face the problem of returnable packaging – whether it is their own (which requires application of a specific write-off method and a special analytical recording of packaging in use)or recording of other companies’ returnable packaging (whether it refers to the payment of returnable packaging fee or its refund to the deliverers). The article deals with the packaging from the point of view of accounting and tax liabilities.
Tromjesečno statističko istraživanje o poslovanju poduzetnika uključujući banke, štedionice i društva za osiguranje, te o poslovanju neprofitnih organizacija utvrđeno je četverogodišnjim Programom statističkih aktivnosti Republike Hrvatske za 2004.-2007. godine (Nar. nov., br. 28/05.) te Godišnjim provedbenim planom statističkih aktivnosti Republike Hrvatske za 2007. godinu (Nar. nov., br. 117/06.). Obveznici sastavljaju izvješća i podnose ih na pripadajućim obrascima i to: poduzetnici svih veličina (osim banaka, štedionica i društava za osiguranje) na obrascu TSI-POD, banke i štedionice na obrascu TSI-BAN, društva za osiguranje na obrascu TSI-OS-RE te neprofitne organizacije na obrascu TSI-N. Rok za dostavu je 20. listopad 2007.
Employees are faced with accidents at work. Indemnities or compensations are paid to the former or present employee (or the third person), or, if there is a possibility of untaxable payment, one should consider the basis according to which the indemnity is to be paid. It should especially be considered whether the indemnity for accident at work is to be paid according to the court decision or settlement during the trial. This article reveals what is to be done by the payers in specific cases and whether they are obliged to pay tax on the repaid indemnity.
Clearing payment represents settlement of mutual cash liabilities between participants without cash, comprising compensation, cession, debt assumption and other ways of mutual settlement of liabilities and receivables. The article deals with the procedure of settlement of liabilities and collection of receivables, made by entre preneurs through a clearing payment. Its specific characteristics are seen from the point of view of the National Payment System Act and the Obligatory Relations Act including their recording in the business records of entrepreneurs depending on the contract party.
Autor: Mr. sc. Đurđica JURIĆ, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
Through obligatory application of the General Tax Actin the business operations of legal and natural persons and their relation to the tax authorities the Croatian legislation system has introduced the assignment of rights, lien and distraint of receivables, which certain persons have from tax authorities. A taxpayer can assign his/her receivables for taxes to some other person according to the written contract on cession, which is to be delivered to the local tax administration office according to the residence or usual residence of the assignor within three days after its conclusion. The contract on assignment is obligatory for the tax authority, except in the case when the assignor is a distrainee. The person the right is assigned to can be a natural or legal person and needs not to be a tax payer.This article defines the necessary elements of the contract on assignment including the actions which an authorised clerk of the Tax Administration should take after receipt of the contract.
Autori: Mr. sc. Mirjana MAHOVIĆ KOMLJENOVIĆ, dipl. oec. Mr. sc. Ljerka MARKOTA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The stimulus for writing this article is the storm raised recently in the public because of the large sums of money paid for the transfer of a few Croatian football players in the European clubs and the questions referring to the tax payment for these amounts. The article deals with the liabilitiesto pay the value added tax, which aroused from this transaction.
The article deals with determining the tax status of the vessel, tax and customs procedures for the vessels used for business activities, subsequent installation of the engine in to the vessels which a special tax has not been paid for, a taxpayer, development of liabilities and payment of customs duties and taxes as well as other issues customs officers and taxpayers have to face upon application of the regulations in the specific acts on vessels which are imported or produced and sold in the Republic of Croatia.
Very often entrepreneurs carry out their business activities on rented premises. The tax position of the leaser and leasee is to be especially considered including the issue whether the leaser is a citizen, a craftsman or a company, or whether these persons are within the VAT system or not. Accordingly, the parties of the contract have certain tax liabilities. If specific characteristics of the concluded contracts referring to the investment into premises and compensation of the investments with the contracted rental fee are taken into consideration too, the question of how to make entries of the contract provisions into the business records of the contract parties.
Autor: Mr. sc. Ljerka MARKOTA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
One of the procedures with economic results is the procedure of the production abroad.The main form of these procedures with economic resultsis concentrated on sending domestic (or temporarily imported goods) abroad for finalisation, processing or modifying in order to obtain a new product, which is afterwards imported, i.e. released on the market.The other form of these procedures, which is usually forgotten, is applied in the cases when certain previously imported and cleared goods are, due to the subsequently determined flaws, sent back abroad for repair.
Manufacturers, service providers and salesmen on the Croatian market form the prices of products and services freely according to the market conditions (principle of supplyand demand). This principle is limited by the price control system and the regulations of price determination for specific products and services (especially public services) in order to protect economic interests of their consumers and to secure the market stability.The topic of this article is to draw attention to the way of determination and control of prices of products and (public) services, control made by the market inspectors of the State Inspectorate.
In the first part of the article the author considers the issues referring to the appointment of the supervisory board members of a stock holding company by the general assembly or the court. The second part deals with the termination of the membership in the supervisory board of a stock holding company.
The business environment in the 21st century imposes structural changes in the behaviour of an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs today conduct their business activities in a turbulent environment, in which economies and business activities are faced with instant and deep changes and where the know-how and the application of new technologies have become a pre-condition for the entire economic development. The improvement in such environment is realised only by those entrepreneurs who are able to adjust their companies to the new market situation faster and more efficiently. In such conditions a new entrepreneurial approach has recently acquired significance. The article discusses strategic entrepreneurship as a new concept, which offers much more than every day entrepreneurial activities and current business activitieswithin companies.