Promotion costs and entertainment costs can in a number of cases be clearly and definitely differentiated. However, under certain circumstances there is a thin line between them. A clear difference between promotion and entertainment is important from the viewpoint of financial reporting and value added tax payment. In view of the tax profit, promotion represents a recognized expense, whereas entertainment is only partially recognized. Under specific circumstances entertainment and promotion are realized through deliveries of goods and services, in which case the issue of their differentiation arises again. The article analyzes promotion and entertainment in view of taxation and accounting and their legal determination.
In view of the accounting, the breeding of poultry represents the investment into the short-term biological assets. The goal of the investment into such assets is the realization of the economic benefits through the sales of such assets as biological assets (live poultry) and/or through the further investments in the production in order to sell agricultural products (chicken) or the products which represent the result of the production ofter this phase i.e. the processed product of the chicken meat (salami, pate, etc.) The author of the article presents the accounting procedures of pultry breeding and determination of such assets according to the requirements of the accounting standards.
An invoice represents the basic document which proves that a certain business event has arisen. Upon issuing an invoice the tax payer should take into account several tax regulations, the most essential being the General Taxation Act and the Value Added Tax Act. The tax position of the rendered services is determined by the remark stated in the account. Accordingly, each invoice is specific. The tax payer should be acquainted with the regulations which determine issuing an invoice, so that such an invoice would be a valid document.
This budgetary workshop presents the way of recording the payments after the activation of securities, provided to the budget beneficiary by the authorized budget to repay the credit for settlement of the purchase of long-term non-financial assets and the received credits. Upon the receipt and repayment of the long-term credit, the receipts should be recorded in the class 8 and the expenses in the class 5, regardless of the fact that the credit may be repaid in the year in which it was granted. The main regulation used upon the recognition of the above stated business events is the Rulebook on Budgetary Accounting and Chart of Accounts.
Autor: Mr. sc. Nada DREMEL, dipl. oec., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
Associations as non-profit legal persons have principally not been established with the purpose of making a profit. Nevertheless, they may perform economic activities if they fulfil certain conditions. If the association performs a certain economic activity, i.e. delivers goods and services, it is obliged to issue an invoice for the delivered goods and services. The issuing of an invoice and its obligatory elements are determined by a number of tax regulations depending on the tax status of the non-profit legal person. The article presents the ways of issuing invoices by associations and other non-profit legal persons, obliged to apply the non-profit accounting, depending on the tax status of such persons.
Autor: Mirela GLAVOTA, dipl. oec., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
Assets represent the resources controlled by the non-profit organization as the result of the past events and from which it expects some benefits in the future. The value of the long-term assets is gradually reduced. Accordingly, their net/estimated value is reduced, too. Upon the reduction of the value of long-term assets, the persons applying the Directive on Non-Profit Accounting are obliged to calculate the depreciation i.e. write-off (adjustment) of the value in accordance with the determined depreciation rates for long-term assets, which are stated in the Directive.
Autor: Mirela GLAVOTA, dipl. oec., ovl. rač. i ovl. rev.
From the taxation point of view, besides the regular salaries which employees receive according to the contract on employment, the salary also comprises all the receipts which the employer pays or gives to the employee based on the employment status i.e. non-independent work. The income tax on salaries and other receipts is calculated on the name of the employee and paid by the employer. The tax is calculated on the total sum of the paid receipts in one month, deducted by the contribution for the pension fund and the corresponding one monthly personal exemption applying three progressive tax rates. In the case of irregulary paid salaries or various salary amounts in the specific months it is possible to overpay the income tax due to the impossible application of all personal exemptions and a higher progression of the taxes in the specific months, which can be corrected by the final income tax calculation upon the last payment of the salary in the year. In such cases the employer is obliged to prepare the final account of the income tax and determine the amount of the prepaid tax, which is to be returned to the employee. The final account may be prepared only for those employees which were employed during the entire accounting period (calendar year) by the same employer and for the employees who did not change the place of residence nor the place of living in the towns and places in which the tax payment is determined. Other employees realize the right to tax return through the application of the annual return form.
Autor: Lucija TURKOVIĆ-JARŽA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The acquisition of goods within the EU member countries comprises the purchase of goods in the EU member country, under the condition that the delivered goods cannot be dispatched to the buyer in the same member country. This means that such goods may be delivered to the tax payer – the buyer in the Republic of Croatia or in any other EU member country in which the dispatch or transfer of such goods has not yet started. The purchase of the goods within the EU member countries has not been regarded as import since 1 July 2013 but as the acquisition and the delivery of goods from the EU has not been regarded as import but as the delivery. The acquisition of goods is taxable for the tax payer in the Republic of Croatia, except in the case when the tax exemption for such an acquisition is determined by the corresponding regulations, i.e. in the case when it does not subject to VAT taxation.
The import of goods comprises each input of goods in the European Union, which are not included in the free trade on the territory of the European Union according to the customs regulations. Equally, the import of goods comprises the input of goods on the territory of the European Union, which are not included in the free trade and which come from the third areas that are a part of the customs area of the European Union according to the customs regulations. The import of goods in the EU, i.e. the Republic of Croatia, represents a taxable transaction. The article explains the way according to which a tax base is determined and in which case the tax liabilities arise upon imports.
Autor: Mr. sc. Katarina HORVAT JURJEC, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
According to the provisions of the VAT Act and the VAT Rulebook there are the exemptions in the country, the exemptions upon delivery of goods within the EU, the exemptions upon export of goods (in the third countries), which are equally treated as export, the exemptions upon export of goods for the transactions regarding the international trade and the exemptions for the mediation services. Besides the conditions which the tax payers have to fulfil in order to obtain the exemption defined by the VAT regulations and the customs regulations, it is important to differentiate the cases in which the tax payers upon the acquisition of goods, which are tax exempted, may recognize the prepaid tax from the incoming invoices.
Autori: Dr. sc. Ljerka MARKOTA , ovl. rač. Dr. sc. Tamara CIRKVENI , ovl. rač.
The article presents an overview of the most important tax regulations which the Croatian companies have to follow when performing their activities in the Republic of Austria, especially regarding the VAT and the profit tax. In view of the profit tax, it is important whether the profit which the company makes by performing its business activities in Austria, subjects to the taxation in Austria or in the Republic of Croatia. In view of the VAT, it is important to determine the place of taxation of the delivered goods or provided services, the VAT payer and the obligation of the company to be registered in Austria for the needs of VAT taxation.
The article presents an overview of the most important tax regulations which the Croatian companies have to follow when performing their activities in the Republic of Austria, especially regarding the VAT and the profit tax. In view of the profit tax, it is important whether the profit which the company makes by performing its business activities in Austria, subjects to the taxation in Austria or in the Republic of Croatia. In view of the VAT, it is important to determine the place of taxation of the delivered goods or provided services, the VAT payer and the obligation of the company to be registered in Austria for the needs of VAT taxation.
Autor: Lucija TURKOVIĆ-JARŽA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač.
The Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia no. U-I/4763/2012 made on 18 September 2013 cancelled the Art 16., § 3. Of the Act on the Amendments to the Income Tax Act (Official Gazette no. 22/12), the provisions of which determined the retroactive taxation with the income tax from the capital, the receipts based on the paid dividends and the shares in profit realized after 31.12.2000 (according to the cash principle at the 12% rate). Although the Decision of the Constitutional Court stresses that there is no “acceptable, objective or justifiable reason in view of the Constitutional Law” for the retroactive taxation of tax payers with the income tax from capital at the rate of 12%, the paid receipts regarding dividends and the share in profit made after 31 December 2000 are still taxed. Accordingly, it was necessary to change the provisions of the Income Tax Act.
Autori: mr. Anja BOŽINA, dipl. oec. i ovl. rač. Damir PAVIČIĆ, dipl. iur.
The tax payers – residents of the Republic of Croatia, who receive the income which is taxable according to the corresponding regulations regarding other income and that they have received from abroad, are obliged to take into consideration the calculation of the contributions for obligatory insurance and the prepaid income tax. The tax payer should also know whether such a receipt has been taxed abroad or whether such a receipt was realized in the gross amount through the payment from abroad, in which case the income tax was not calculated. After the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union the tax payers should know which social insurance they belong to, in order to properly calculate the contributions.
The discussions on the introduction of the property tax (i.e. the part of the property comprising real estate) have temporarily abated in the current tax and political reality. In order to prevent the wrong expectations of the income which could be collected by such a type of tax, it is necessary to discuss the effects which a property tax may have on the entrepreneurial decisions and what reaction it could cause among tax payers. Without such an analysis the statements on the expected effects in view of the income and distribution of property and income would be rather speculative.
Autori: Dr. sc. Branka NIEMANN Prof. dr. sc. Rainer NIEMANN Katica AMIDŽIĆ-PEROČEVIĆ, dipl. oec.
The risk of fraud always exists regardless of the size of the entity, the industry or the country in which the entity performs business activities. In order to reduce the risk of fraud, the auditor should carry out the corresponding procedures which meet the standard requirements and in such a way minimize the risk of the substantially incorrect presentations in financial reports due to frauds.
In the RRiF Journal 08/13 and 10/13 the articles presented the public policies of the European Union and the Budget of the European Union. The article were actually the introduction into the above stated issues. There is practically an enormous number of the funds which Croatia may entirely use without reservations due to its new status as the EU member country. The author of the text presents an overview of the available programmes and funds and explains the systems of their management.
1. Unatoč direktivi, javne službe u EU kasne s plaćanjima 2. EU godišnje gubi gotovo 200 milijarda eura zbog neplaćanja PDV-a 3. Bez snažne industrije nema prosperiteta 4. Njemačka upozorena na veliki porezni teret 5. Porezne olakšice za ugostiteljstvo potaknule bi zapošljavanje 6. Malim europskim poduzetnicima 10.000 eura za digitalni razvoj
Compared to the regulations from 2012 the European Commission has this year prepared some significant changes and amendments to the Practical Guide to Purchase Procedures. The Guide is used as the legal and practical basis for the purchase principles, the creation of the teneder documents, the realization of the procedures of granting non-refundable assets, the creation of the contract and the rules of realization of the EU projects. The stated rules refer to the tenders published in 2013 or are to be published within the IPA Programme.
U kontekstu širih promjena koje su u poslovanju s inozemstvom nastupile ulaskom Hrvatske u punopravno članstvo Europske unije te nastojanja za olakšavanjem tog segmenta poslovanja rezidenata, revidirana je posljednjim izmjenama Zakona o deviznom poslovanju i dosadašnja obveza vođenja nadzorne knjige za tekuće i kapitalne poslove s inozemstvom. U tom smislu sužen je krug obveznika ustrojavanja i vođenja nadzorne knjige, a smanjen je i obuhvat poslova i podataka koji su predmet obvezne evidencije. U ovom članku autorica pojašnjava koncept i metodološki pristup u kreiranju nove Naredbe o vođenju kapitalnih poslova s inozemstvom i iznosi sažetak promjena u pogledu obveznika i sadržaja nadzorne knjige. "Nova“ Naredba o vođenju nadzorne knjige o kapitalnim poslovima s inozemstvom stupa na snagu 1. siječnja 2014., a do dana stupanja na snagu novoobjavljene Naredbe na odgovarajući se način primjenjuje dosadašnja Naredba o tekućim i kapitalnim poslovima s inozemstvom.
Fizičke osobe koje ostvaruju primitke od obavljanja samostalne djelatnosti obrta te djelatnosti poljoprivrede i šumarstva, a nisu obveznici PDV-a, mogu izabrati plaćanje paušalnog poreza na dohodak i prireza ako im ukupni godišnji primitci u poreznom razdoblju nisu veći od 149.500,00 kn. Kod paušalnog oporezivanje ne postoji obveza vođenja poslovnih knjiga, osim knjige prometa, kao ni mogućnost podnošenja godišnje porezne prijave za ostvareni dohodak po toj osnovi, ali je uvedeno obvezno dostavljanje novog godišnjeg izvješća o ostvarenim primitcima na obrascu PO-SD. Prvi obrazac PO-SD paušalisti su obvezni podnijeti najkasnije do 15. siječnja 2014. za 2013. Paušalisti su obvezni kao mali obveznici fiskalizacije provoditi fiskalizaciju, ali s obvezom izdavanja računa. Više o navedenom, pročitajte u nastavku članka. 1. Uvod 2. Granična svota za paušalno oporezivanje samostalne djelatnosti 3. Rok za podnošenje prijave za paušalno oporezivanje u 2014. 4. Utvrđivanje godišnjeg paušalnog poreza na dohodak 5. Propisana smanjenja paušalnog poreza na dohodak 6. Rokovi plaćanja paušalnog poreza 7. Prestanak uvjeta za paušalno oporezivanje i ukidanje rješenja o paušalnom plaćanju poreza 8. Poslovne knjige i evidencije 9. Podnošenje izvješća o paušalnom dohotku za 2013. na obrascu PO-SD 10. Utvrđivanje paušalnog poreza na dohodak u slučaju početka, prestanka i privremene obustave obavljanja samostalne djelatnosti 11. Obveza plaćanja doprinosa za obvezna osiguranja 12. Zaključak
Although the European customs regulations have been applied since 1 July 2013, the institute of customs storage still exists. It is slightly different from the one which was determined by the customs regulations in Croatia, applied until 30 June 2013. Besides the explanation of the institute of customs storage of goods, the article also presents the information on when it can be approved, how to claim for such an institute and the conditions for the completion of the procedure for the goods which were held in the warehouse on 1 July 2013.
A number of acts determine the obligation of putting clear notices or labels at the entrance of the business premises and/or in the business premises with the determined contests, which should be respected by all the legal and/or physical persons which sell their goods or provide their services on the market. This is directly connected to the protection of the consumers guaranteed by the Act on Consumers’ Protection, especially their right to the clear and complete information. Respecting the determined obligations regarding the way of putting notices and labels is also important to the sellers, caterers and providers of services in tourism, due to the fact that the consumers’ trust is acquired by the good business practice, which includes a truthful, exact and complete information on the entrepreneur, products and services and the sales conditions.
The Act on Pension Insurance and the Act on Obligatory Health Insurance determine the persons who are obliged to be included in the system of pension and health insurances. The Croatian Pension Insurance Institute and the Croatian Health Insurance Institute keep the records on the insured persons, the contribution payers and the beneficiaries of the right from the pension insurance. The article explains the ways of registration and deregistration of employees in the above stated records.
Autor: Anamarija Miletić , dipl. oec., ACCA i ovl. rev.
The new Act on Health Protection of Foreign Residents in the Republic of Croatia became effective on 1 July 2013. Besides the right to the health protection the foreign residents (permanent or temporary) have the right to the health insurance under the condition that they have obtained the status of the insured party by making an application for the obligatory insurance to the authorized office of the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance according to the place of their permanent or temporary residence. The Act determines the deadline within which the police department is obliged to notify the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance on the registration of the foreign resident, the deadline within which the Croatian Institute for Health Insurance is obliged to notify the Tax Administration and the deadline within which the Tax Administration is obliged to issue the ruling on the payment of contributions. The foreign residents who have obtained the status of the obligatory insured party have the equal rights from the insurance as the domestic insured parties. The right to the health protection has also been defined for the asylum seekers, asylees, the persons who reside illegally on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, as well as the financing of the rights obtained according to the specific status.
U ovome se članku razmatraju pitanja vezana uz poslovno uvjetovani otkaz ugovora o radu te nedopušteni otkaz ugovora o radu. O svemu tomu detaljnije u prikazu odluka Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske koje se daju u nastavku, s napomenom da je ova sudska praksa aktualna i u primjeni sada važećega Zakona o radu. 1. Uvod 2. Opravdani razlog za poslovno uvjetovani otkaz ugovora o radu 3. Nedopušten način prestanka ugovora o radu
The author of the article deals with the issues regarding termination of business activities of a company, especially those of a limited liability company. The possible ways of termination of business activities of the company comprise the liquidation of such a company, the transfer or sales of a business share and the change of the status (acquisition by another company). The article also points to the relations between the specific ways of termination of a company’s business activities, the consequences and the advantages of the particular way of termination compared to another one.
The organization of working time is rather complex and requires a more flexible approach. However, the longer duration of the working time than stated by the law cannot be contracted. The Labour Act, as the main regulation in the field of labour, differentiates various types of working time, which can be divided according to their duration and period of its realization. The article presents the various types of working time.
1. Makroekonomski pokazatelji 2. Cijene u RH i EU 3. Proizvođačke cijene industrije RH i EU 4. Industrijska proizvodnja 5. Vanjskotrgovinska razmjena 6. Trgovina na malo 7. Turizam 8. Plaće 9. Likvidnost i insolventnost 10. Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost
